Concepts Classification and Development of Self-Centering Structures
Self-centering structures have emerged as a transformative solution for enhancing seismic resilience by minimizing residual deformations after earthquakes. This paper presents a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of self-centering structural systems, focusing on conceptual foundations, classification frameworks, and development trajectories. The historical evolution from ancient rocking structures to modern applications is traced. A systematic classification is proposed based on mechanical principles and structural typologies, including moment frames, braced frames, shear walls, bridge piers, and mass timber systems. Key enabling technologies—post-tensioning, shape memory alloys, and hybrid systems—are critically analyzed. Research gaps and future directions are identified to advance broader implementation of self-centering technologies in resilient infrastructure.
References
- Xu L H, Xie X S, Zhang G. Review of research on self-centering structural components for seismic resilience improvement. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 53(6): 1177-1188.
- Self-centering eccentrically braced steel frames: A comprehensive review on post-tensioning, SMA, and energy-dissipating technologies. Structures, 2025, 79: 109425.
- Zhong C, Christopoulos C. Self-centering seismic-resistant structures: Historical overview and state-of-the-art. Earthquake Spectra, 2022, 38(2): 1321-1356.
- Housner G W. The behavior of inverted pendulum structures during earthquakes. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1963, 53(2): 403-417.
- Review of self-centering bridge piers. Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2025, 41(5): 73-87.
- Zhang Q, Xiong E, Guo R. State-of-the-art of research progress of self-centering structure system. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021, 825: 012037.
- Mortazavi P, et al. Replaceable cast steel yielding links for eccentrically braced frames: Design and experimental validation. Structures, 2025.
- Chen F, Li M, Li Z. Self-centering mass timber structures: A review on recent research progress. Engineering Structures, 2024, 303: 117474.
- Wang H, et al. Seismic performance of self-centering steel frames with replaceable energy dissipation components. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2024, 215: 108523.
- Zhang G, Xu L H, Xie X S. Development and application of self-centering seismic-resistant structures: A critical review. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2025, 178: 108491.