eLibrary
  • Home
  • Sources
  • Search
  • About

Miniaturization Improvement and Application Research of Organic Synthesis Experiments

Ping Xu
Academic Journal of Applied Sciences, (2026), Vol.1, No.2, pp.31-34
Published: April 12, 2026
DOI: 10.54097/bd1v0e30
PDF: Download Full Text PDF
Abstract

The miniaturization of organic synthesis experiment is very beneficial for education and research laboratory. The effect on 4 main reactions has been studied here, those are esterification, aldol condensation, nucleophilic substitution, and oxidation. With the reduction of reagents from 10 - 50 mL(conventional)to 0.1 - 2.0mL(miniaturized),four comparison experiment were done on 120 students in 2 semester by miniaturized method. I gathered quantitative info on reaction yields, time efficient, reagents and students: The smaller protocol was 78.4%, the normal sized protocol was at an average of 74.6%. And it consumed 91.3% less solvent, and the cost per sample is down 68.5%. Students were more engaged and had better operations. From the results we can see that Organic synthesis miniaturization is green chemistry and undergrad lab improvement.

Keywords: Miniaturization, organic synthesis, green chemistry, undergraduate laboratory, reaction yield, chemical education
APA Citation: Ping Xu (2026). Miniaturization Improvement and Application Research of Organic Synthesis Experiments. Academic Journal of Applied Sciences, 1(2), 31-34. https://doi.org/10.54097/bd1v0e30

References

  1. Anastas, P. T., & Warner, J. C. (1998). Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press.
  2. Mayo, D. W., Pike, R. M., & Butcher, S. S. (1994). Microscale Organic Laboratory with Multistep and Multiscale Syntheses (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
  3. Doxsee, K. M., & Hutchison, J. E. (2004). Green Organic Chemistry: Strategies, Tools, and Laboratory Experiments. Thomson Brooks/Cole.
  4. Mohrig, J. R., Hammond, C. N., & Schatz, P. F. (2010). Techniques in Organic Chemistry (3rd ed.). W. H. Freeman.
  5. Williamson, K. L. (1999). Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments (3rd ed.). Houghton Mifflin.
  6. Cann, M. C., & Connelly, M. E. (2000). Real World Cases in Green Chemistry. American Chemical Society.
  7. Zhang, W., & Cue, B. W. (Eds.). (2012). Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons.
  8. Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M., Kriz, G. S., & Vyvyan, J. R. (2009). Introduction to Spectroscopy (4th ed.). Brooks/Cole.
  9. Kirchhoff, M. M. (2001). Greening the Chemistry Curriculum. Journal of Chemical Education, 78(12), 1626.
  10. Szafran, Z., Pike, R. M., & Singh, M. M. (1991). Microscale Inorganic Chemistry: A Comprehensive Laboratory Experience. John Wiley & Sons.
  11. Ma Yanjie, Pan Rui, Jie Wenjing. Visual Micro-Experiment of Intermolecular Forces for Cultivating the Literacy of Macroscopic Identification and Microscopic Analysis [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Education, 2025, 46(23): 105-108.
  12. Wang Quan, Chen Yu, Ning Xiaoqiang. Integrated Design of the Experiment “Reduction of Copper Oxide by Carbon Monoxide” [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Education, 2021, 42(03): 92-95.
  13. Wang Kuaibing, Mao Feifei, Zhang Weihua, et al. Design and Practice of a Comprehensive Teaching Experiment Based on Preparation of Biomass Carbon Dots from Rice Husk [J]. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(05): 342-350.
© 2026 eLibrary · Stand on the shoulders of giants