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An Optimization Model for a Two-Echelon Remanufacturing Reverse Supply Chain with Carbon Emission Reduction Consideration

Mingxin Hou, Qiaolun Gu
International Core Journal of Engineering, (2026), Vol.12, No.6, pp.177-184
Published: June 18, 2026
DOI: 10.6919/ICJE.202606_12(6).0017
PDF: Download Full Text PDF
Abstract

To address the high level of carbon emissions in the transportation stage of remanufacturing reverse supply chains, this study develops a two-echelon network optimization model that incorporates multiple transportation modes. Two mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) models are formulated with the objectives of minimizing total cost and carbon emissions, respectively. A case study based on the Yangtze River Delta region is conducted to compare road transportation with multimodal transportation. The results indicate that under a single road transportation mode, the cost-minimization and emission-minimization objectives are aligned. In contrast, multimodal transportation achieves approximately a 48.9% reduction in carbon emissions with only a marginal increase in total cost. These findings demonstrate that multimodal transport provides an effective pathway for low-carbon optimization in remanufacturing supply chains.

Keywords: Remanufacturing Reverse Supply Chain; Multimodal Transportation; Carbon Emissions; Network Optimization.
APA Citation: Mingxin Hou, Qiaolun Gu (2026). An Optimization Model for a Two-Echelon Remanufacturing Reverse Supply Chain with Carbon Emission Reduction Consideration. International Core Journal of Engineering, 12(6), 177-184. https://doi.org/10.6919/ICJE.202606_12(6).0017

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